常用的转换函数有Int32.Parse(numstring)、Int32.TryParse(numstring)、Convert.ToInt32(numstring)，哪个的执行效率高？

微软有个测试程序，没有包含Convert.ToInt32，稍作修改，代码如下：

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;

namespace StopWatchSample
{
    class OperationsTimer
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            DisplayTimerProperties();

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Press the Enter key to begin:");
            Console.ReadLine();
            Console.WriteLine();

            TimeOperations();
        }

        public static void DisplayTimerProperties()
        {
            // Display the timer frequency and resolution.
            if (Stopwatch.IsHighResolution)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Operations timed using the system's high-resolution performance counter.");
            }
            else 
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Operations timed using the DateTime class.");
            }

            long frequency = Stopwatch.Frequency;
            Console.WriteLine("  Timer frequency in ticks per second = {0}",
                frequency);
            long nanosecPerTick = (1000L*1000L*1000L) / frequency;
            Console.WriteLine("  Timer is accurate within {0} nanoseconds", 
                nanosecPerTick);
        }

        private static void TimeOperations()
        {
            long nanosecPerTick = (1000L*1000L*1000L) / Stopwatch.Frequency;
            const long numIterations = 100000;

            // Define the operation title names.
            String [] operationNames = {"Operation: Int32.Parse(\"0\")",
                                           "Operation: Int32.TryParse(\"0\")",
                                           "Operation: Int32.Parse(\"a\")",
                                           "Operation: Int32.TryParse(\"a\")",
                                           "Operation: Convert.ToInt32(\"0\")",
                                           "Operation: Convert.ToInt32(\"a\")"
                                       };


            // Time four different implementations for parsing 
            // an integer from a string. 

            for (int operation = 0; operation <= 5; operation++)
            {
                // Define variables for operation statistics.
                long numTicks = 0;
                long numRollovers = 0;
                long maxTicks = 0;
                long minTicks = Int64.MaxValue;
                int indexFastest = -1;
                int indexSlowest = -1;
                long milliSec = 0;

                Stopwatch time10kOperations = Stopwatch.StartNew();

                // Run the current operation 10001 times.
                // The first execution time will be tossed
                // out, since it can skew the average time.

                for (int i=0; i<=numIterations; i++) 
                {
                    long ticksThisTime = 0;
                    int inputNum;
                    Stopwatch timePerParse;

                    switch (operation)
                    {
                        case 0:
                            // Parse a valid integer using
                            // a try-catch statement.

                            // Start a new stopwatch timer.
                            timePerParse = Stopwatch.StartNew();

                            try 
                            {
                                inputNum = Int32.Parse("0");
                            }
                            catch (FormatException)
                            {
                                inputNum = 0;
                            }

                            // Stop the timer, and save the
                            // elapsed ticks for the operation.

                            timePerParse.Stop();
                            ticksThisTime = timePerParse.ElapsedTicks;
                            break;
                        case 1:
                            // Parse a valid integer using
                            // the TryParse statement.

                            // Start a new stopwatch timer.
                            timePerParse = Stopwatch.StartNew();

                            if (!Int32.TryParse("0", out inputNum))
                            { 
                                inputNum = 0;
                            }

                            // Stop the timer, and save the
                            // elapsed ticks for the operation.
                            timePerParse.Stop();
                            ticksThisTime = timePerParse.ElapsedTicks;
                            break;
                        case 2:
                            // Parse an invalid value using
                            // a try-catch statement.

                            // Start a new stopwatch timer.
                            timePerParse = Stopwatch.StartNew();

                            try 
                            {
                                inputNum = Int32.Parse("a");
                            }
                            catch (FormatException)
                            {
                                inputNum = 0;
                            }

                            // Stop the timer, and save the
                            // elapsed ticks for the operation.
                            timePerParse.Stop();
                            ticksThisTime = timePerParse.ElapsedTicks;
                            break;
                        case 3:
                            // Parse an invalid value using
                            // the TryParse statement.

                            // Start a new stopwatch timer.
                            timePerParse = Stopwatch.StartNew();

                            if (!Int32.TryParse("a", out inputNum))
                            { 
                                inputNum = 0;
                            }

                            // Stop the timer, and save the
                            // elapsed ticks for the operation.
                            timePerParse.Stop();
                            ticksThisTime = timePerParse.ElapsedTicks;
                            break;
                        case 4:
                            // Parse a valid integer using
                            // a try-catch statement.

                            // Start a new stopwatch timer.
                            timePerParse = Stopwatch.StartNew();

                            try
                            {
                                inputNum = Convert.ToInt32("0");
                            }
                            catch (FormatException)
                            {
                                inputNum = 0;
                            }

                            // Stop the timer, and save the
                            // elapsed ticks for the operation.

                            timePerParse.Stop();
                            ticksThisTime = timePerParse.ElapsedTicks;
                            break;
                        case 5:
                            // Parse a valid integer using
                            // a try-catch statement.

                            // Start a new stopwatch timer.
                            timePerParse = Stopwatch.StartNew();

                            try
                            {
                                inputNum = Convert.ToInt32("a");
                            }
                            catch (FormatException)
                            {
                                inputNum = 0;
                            }

                            // Stop the timer, and save the
                            // elapsed ticks for the operation.

                            timePerParse.Stop();
                            ticksThisTime = timePerParse.ElapsedTicks;
                            break;
                        default:
                            break;
                    }

                    // Skip over the time for the first operation,
                    // just in case it caused a one-time
                    // performance hit.
                    if (i == 0)
                    {
                        time10kOperations.Reset();
                        time10kOperations.Start();
                    }
                    else 
                    {

                        // Update operation statistics
                        // for iterations 1-10001.
                        if (maxTicks < ticksThisTime)
                        {
                            indexSlowest = i;
                            maxTicks = ticksThisTime;
                        }
                        if (minTicks > ticksThisTime)
                        {
                            indexFastest = i;
                            minTicks = ticksThisTime;
                        }
                        numTicks += ticksThisTime;
                        if (numTicks < ticksThisTime)
                        {
                            // Keep track of rollovers.
                            numRollovers ++;
                        }
                    }
                }  

                // Display the statistics for 10000 iterations.

                time10kOperations.Stop();
                milliSec = time10kOperations.ElapsedMilliseconds;

                Console.WriteLine();
                Console.WriteLine("{0} Summary:", operationNames[operation]);
                Console.WriteLine("  Slowest time:  #{0}/{1} = {2} ticks",
                    indexSlowest, numIterations, maxTicks);
                Console.WriteLine("  Fastest time:  #{0}/{1} = {2} ticks",
                    indexFastest, numIterations, minTicks);
                Console.WriteLine("  Average time:  {0} ticks = {1} nanoseconds", 
                    numTicks / numIterations, 
                    (numTicks * nanosecPerTick) / numIterations );
                Console.WriteLine("  Total time looping through {0} operations: {1} milliseconds", 
                    numIterations, milliSec);
            }
        }
     }
}
 
执行结果：
Operation: Int32.Parse("0") Summary:
  Slowest time:  #50002/100000 = 530910 ticks
  Fastest time:  #29081/100000 = 2925 ticks
  Average time:  3112 ticks = 0 nanoseconds
  Total time looping through 100000 operations: 198 milliseconds

Operation: Int32.TryParse("0") Summary:
  Slowest time:  #90323/100000 = 3195660 ticks
  Fastest time:  #47524/100000 = 2910 ticks
  Average time:  3181 ticks = 0 nanoseconds
  Total time looping through 100000 operations: 201 milliseconds

Operation: Int32.Parse("a") Summary:
  Slowest time:  #50191/100000 = 48579780 ticks
  Fastest time:  #96511/100000 = 150705 ticks
  Average time:  166736 ticks = 0 nanoseconds
  Total time looping through 100000 operations: 5682 milliseconds

Operation: Int32.TryParse("a") Summary:
  Slowest time:  #54275/100000 = 3894420 ticks
  Fastest time:  #41662/100000 = 2865 ticks
  Average time:  3048 ticks = 0 nanoseconds
  Total time looping through 100000 operations: 195 milliseconds

Operation: Convert.ToInt32("0") Summary:
  Slowest time:  #54110/100000 = 24327855 ticks
  Fastest time:  #8273/100000 = 2970 ticks
  Average time:  3481 ticks = 0 nanoseconds
  Total time looping through 100000 operations: 214 milliseconds

Operation: Convert.ToInt32("a") Summary:
  Slowest time:  #42929/100000 = 12775425 ticks
  Fastest time:  #56282/100000 = 154125 ticks
  Average time:  167500 ticks = 0 nanoseconds
  Total time looping through 100000 operations: 5704 milliseconds

可以看到，在不发生错误，确保能成功转换时，效率差不多。当转换发生错误时，由于try catch开销太大，所耗费的时间是正常值的30倍。

因此，最优的方法是Int32.TryParse(numberString, out inputNum)